^^&&^^

Edit File: test_direct.py

import os
from os.path import join
import sys

import numpy as np
from numpy.testing import (assert_equal, assert_allclose, assert_array_equal,
                           assert_raises)
import pytest

from numpy.random import (
    Generator, MT19937, PCG64, PCG64DXSM, Philox, RandomState, SeedSequence,
    SFC64, default_rng
)
from numpy.random._common import interface

try:
    import cffi  # noqa: F401

MISSING_CFFI = False
except ImportError:
    MISSING_CFFI = True

try:
    import ctypes  # noqa: F401

MISSING_CTYPES = False
except ImportError:
    MISSING_CTYPES = False

if sys.flags.optimize > 1:
    # no docstrings present to inspect when PYTHONOPTIMIZE/Py_OptimizeFlag > 1
    # cffi cannot succeed
    MISSING_CFFI = True

pwd = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

def assert_state_equal(actual, target):
    for key in actual:
        if isinstance(actual[key], dict):
            assert_state_equal(actual[key], target[key])
        elif isinstance(actual[key], np.ndarray):
            assert_array_equal(actual[key], target[key])
        else:
            assert actual[key] == target[key]

def uint32_to_float32(u):
    return ((u >> np.uint32(8)) * (1.0 / 2**24)).astype(np.float32)

def uniform32_from_uint64(x):
    x = np.uint64(x)
    upper = np.array(x >> np.uint64(32), dtype=np.uint32)
    lower = np.uint64(0xffffffff)
    lower = np.array(x & lower, dtype=np.uint32)
    joined = np.column_stack([lower, upper]).ravel()
    return uint32_to_float32(joined)

def uniform32_from_uint53(x):
    x = np.uint64(x) >> np.uint64(16)
    x = np.uint32(x & np.uint64(0xffffffff))
    return uint32_to_float32(x)

def uniform32_from_uint32(x):
    return uint32_to_float32(x)

def uniform32_from_uint(x, bits):
    if bits == 64:
        return uniform32_from_uint64(x)
    elif bits == 53:
        return uniform32_from_uint53(x)
    elif bits == 32:
        return uniform32_from_uint32(x)
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError

def uniform_from_uint(x, bits):
    if bits in (64, 63, 53):
        return uniform_from_uint64(x)
    elif bits == 32:
        return uniform_from_uint32(x)

def uniform_from_uint64(x):
    return (x >> np.uint64(11)) * (1.0 / 9007199254740992.0)

def uniform_from_uint32(x):
    out = np.empty(len(x) // 2)
    for i in range(0, len(x), 2):
        a = x[i] >> 5
        b = x[i + 1] >> 6
        out[i // 2] = (a * 67108864.0 + b) / 9007199254740992.0
    return out

def uniform_from_dsfmt(x):
    return x.view(np.double) - 1.0

def gauss_from_uint(x, n, bits):
    if bits in (64, 63):
        doubles = uniform_from_uint64(x)
    elif bits == 32:
        doubles = uniform_from_uint32(x)
    else:  # bits == 'dsfmt'
        doubles = uniform_from_dsfmt(x)
    gauss = []
    loc = 0
    x1 = x2 = 0.0
    while len(gauss) < n:
        r2 = 2
        while r2 >= 1.0 or r2 == 0.0:
            x1 = 2.0 * doubles[loc] - 1.0
            x2 = 2.0 * doubles[loc + 1] - 1.0
            r2 = x1 * x1 + x2 * x2
            loc += 2

f = np.sqrt(-2.0 * np.log(r2) / r2)
        gauss.append(f * x2)
        gauss.append(f * x1)

return gauss[:n]

def test_seedsequence():
    from numpy.random.bit_generator import (ISeedSequence,
                                            ISpawnableSeedSequence,
                                            SeedlessSeedSequence)

s1 = SeedSequence(range(10), spawn_key=(1, 2), pool_size=6)
    s1.spawn(10)
    s2 = SeedSequence(**s1.state)
    assert_equal(s1.state, s2.state)
    assert_equal(s1.n_children_spawned, s2.n_children_spawned)

# The interfaces cannot be instantiated themselves.
    assert_raises(TypeError, ISeedSequence)
    assert_raises(TypeError, ISpawnableSeedSequence)
    dummy = SeedlessSeedSequence()
    assert_raises(NotImplementedError, dummy.generate_state, 10)
    assert len(dummy.spawn(10)) == 10

def test_generator_spawning():
    """ Test spawning new generators and bit_generators directly.
    """
    rng = np.random.default_rng()
    seq = rng.bit_generator.seed_seq
    new_ss = seq.spawn(5)
    expected_keys = [seq.spawn_key + (i,) for i in range(5)]
    assert [c.spawn_key for c in new_ss] == expected_keys

new_bgs = rng.bit_generator.spawn(5)
    expected_keys = [seq.spawn_key + (i,) for i in range(5, 10)]
    assert [bg.seed_seq.spawn_key for bg in new_bgs] == expected_keys

new_rngs = rng.spawn(5)
    expected_keys = [seq.spawn_key + (i,) for i in range(10, 15)]
    found_keys = [rng.bit_generator.seed_seq.spawn_key for rng in new_rngs]
    assert found_keys == expected_keys

# Sanity check that streams are actually different:
    assert new_rngs[0].uniform() != new_rngs[1].uniform()

def test_non_spawnable():
    from numpy.random.bit_generator import ISeedSequence

class FakeSeedSequence:
        def generate_state(self, n_words, dtype=np.uint32):
            return np.zeros(n_words, dtype=dtype)

ISeedSequence.register(FakeSeedSequence)

rng = np.random.default_rng(FakeSeedSequence())

with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="The underlying SeedSequence"):
        rng.spawn(5)

with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="The underlying SeedSequence"):
        rng.bit_generator.spawn(5)

class Base:
    dtype = np.uint64
    data2 = data1 = {}

@classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.bit_generator = PCG64
        cls.bits = 64
        cls.dtype = np.uint64
        cls.seed_error_type = TypeError
        cls.invalid_init_types = []
        cls.invalid_init_values = []

@classmethod
    def _read_csv(cls, filename):
        with open(filename) as csv:
            seed = csv.readline()
            seed = seed.split(',')
            seed = [int(s.strip(), 0) for s in seed[1:]]
            data = []
            for line in csv:
                data.append(int(line.split(',')[-1].strip(), 0))
            return {'seed': seed, 'data': np.array(data, dtype=cls.dtype)}

def test_raw(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        uints = bit_generator.random_raw(1000)
        assert_equal(uints, self.data1['data'])

bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        uints = bit_generator.random_raw()
        assert_equal(uints, self.data1['data'][0])

bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data2['seed'])
        uints = bit_generator.random_raw(1000)
        assert_equal(uints, self.data2['data'])

def test_random_raw(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        uints = bit_generator.random_raw(output=False)
        assert uints is None
        uints = bit_generator.random_raw(1000, output=False)
        assert uints is None

def test_gauss_inv(self):
        n = 25
        rs = RandomState(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        gauss = rs.standard_normal(n)
        assert_allclose(gauss,
                        gauss_from_uint(self.data1['data'], n, self.bits))

rs = RandomState(self.bit_generator(*self.data2['seed']))
        gauss = rs.standard_normal(25)
        assert_allclose(gauss,
                        gauss_from_uint(self.data2['data'], n, self.bits))

def test_uniform_double(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        vals = uniform_from_uint(self.data1['data'], self.bits)
        uniforms = rs.random(len(vals))
        assert_allclose(uniforms, vals)
        assert_equal(uniforms.dtype, np.float64)

rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data2['seed']))
        vals = uniform_from_uint(self.data2['data'], self.bits)
        uniforms = rs.random(len(vals))
        assert_allclose(uniforms, vals)
        assert_equal(uniforms.dtype, np.float64)

def test_uniform_float(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        vals = uniform32_from_uint(self.data1['data'], self.bits)
        uniforms = rs.random(len(vals), dtype=np.float32)
        assert_allclose(uniforms, vals)
        assert_equal(uniforms.dtype, np.float32)

rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data2['seed']))
        vals = uniform32_from_uint(self.data2['data'], self.bits)
        uniforms = rs.random(len(vals), dtype=np.float32)
        assert_allclose(uniforms, vals)
        assert_equal(uniforms.dtype, np.float32)

def test_repr(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        assert 'Generator' in repr(rs)
        assert f'{id(rs):#x}'.upper().replace('X', 'x') in repr(rs)

def test_str(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        assert 'Generator' in str(rs)
        assert str(self.bit_generator.__name__) in str(rs)
        assert f'{id(rs):#x}'.upper().replace('X', 'x') not in str(rs)

def test_pickle(self):
        import pickle

bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        state = bit_generator.state
        bitgen_pkl = pickle.dumps(bit_generator)
        reloaded = pickle.loads(bitgen_pkl)
        reloaded_state = reloaded.state
        assert_array_equal(Generator(bit_generator).standard_normal(1000),
                           Generator(reloaded).standard_normal(1000))
        assert bit_generator is not reloaded
        assert_state_equal(reloaded_state, state)

ss = SeedSequence(100)
        aa = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(ss))
        assert_equal(ss.state, aa.state)

def test_invalid_state_type(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            bit_generator.state = {'1'}

def test_invalid_state_value(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        state = bit_generator.state
        state['bit_generator'] = 'otherBitGenerator'
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            bit_generator.state = state

def test_invalid_init_type(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator
        for st in self.invalid_init_types:
            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                bit_generator(*st)

def test_invalid_init_values(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator
        for st in self.invalid_init_values:
            with pytest.raises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
                bit_generator(*st)

def test_benchmark(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        bit_generator._benchmark(1)
        bit_generator._benchmark(1, 'double')
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            bit_generator._benchmark(1, 'int32')

@pytest.mark.skipif(MISSING_CFFI, reason='cffi not available')
    def test_cffi(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        cffi_interface = bit_generator.cffi
        assert isinstance(cffi_interface, interface)
        other_cffi_interface = bit_generator.cffi
        assert other_cffi_interface is cffi_interface

@pytest.mark.skipif(MISSING_CTYPES, reason='ctypes not available')
    def test_ctypes(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        ctypes_interface = bit_generator.ctypes
        assert isinstance(ctypes_interface, interface)
        other_ctypes_interface = bit_generator.ctypes
        assert other_ctypes_interface is ctypes_interface

def test_getstate(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        state = bit_generator.state
        alt_state = bit_generator.__getstate__()
        assert_state_equal(state, alt_state)

class TestPhilox(Base):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.bit_generator = Philox
        cls.bits = 64
        cls.dtype = np.uint64
        cls.data1 = cls._read_csv(
            join(pwd, './data/philox-testset-1.csv'))
        cls.data2 = cls._read_csv(
            join(pwd, './data/philox-testset-2.csv'))
        cls.seed_error_type = TypeError
        cls.invalid_init_types = []
        cls.invalid_init_values = [(1, None, 1), (-1,), (None, None, 2 ** 257 + 1)]

def test_set_key(self):
        bit_generator = self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed'])
        state = bit_generator.state
        keyed = self.bit_generator(counter=state['state']['counter'],
                                   key=state['state']['key'])
        assert_state_equal(bit_generator.state, keyed.state)

class TestPCG64(Base):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.bit_generator = PCG64
        cls.bits = 64
        cls.dtype = np.uint64
        cls.data1 = cls._read_csv(join(pwd, './data/pcg64-testset-1.csv'))
        cls.data2 = cls._read_csv(join(pwd, './data/pcg64-testset-2.csv'))
        cls.seed_error_type = (ValueError, TypeError)
        cls.invalid_init_types = [(3.2,), ([None],), (1, None)]
        cls.invalid_init_values = [(-1,)]

def test_advance_symmetry(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        state = rs.bit_generator.state
        step = -0x9e3779b97f4a7c150000000000000000
        rs.bit_generator.advance(step)
        val_neg = rs.integers(10)
        rs.bit_generator.state = state
        rs.bit_generator.advance(2**128 + step)
        val_pos = rs.integers(10)
        rs.bit_generator.state = state
        rs.bit_generator.advance(10 * 2**128 + step)
        val_big = rs.integers(10)
        assert val_neg == val_pos
        assert val_big == val_pos

def test_advange_large(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(38219308213743))
        pcg = rs.bit_generator
        state = pcg.state["state"]
        initial_state = 287608843259529770491897792873167516365
        assert state["state"] == initial_state
        pcg.advance(sum(2**i for i in (96, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1)))
        state = pcg.state["state"]
        advanced_state = 135275564607035429730177404003164635391
        assert state["state"] == advanced_state

class TestPCG64DXSM(Base):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.bit_generator = PCG64DXSM
        cls.bits = 64
        cls.dtype = np.uint64
        cls.data1 = cls._read_csv(join(pwd, './data/pcg64dxsm-testset-1.csv'))
        cls.data2 = cls._read_csv(join(pwd, './data/pcg64dxsm-testset-2.csv'))
        cls.seed_error_type = (ValueError, TypeError)
        cls.invalid_init_types = [(3.2,), ([None],), (1, None)]
        cls.invalid_init_values = [(-1,)]

def test_advange_large(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(38219308213743))
        pcg = rs.bit_generator
        state = pcg.state
        initial_state = 287608843259529770491897792873167516365
        assert state["state"]["state"] == initial_state
        pcg.advance(sum(2**i for i in (96, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1)))
        state = pcg.state["state"]
        advanced_state = 277778083536782149546677086420637664879
        assert state["state"] == advanced_state

class TestMT19937(Base):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.bit_generator = MT19937
        cls.bits = 32
        cls.dtype = np.uint32
        cls.data1 = cls._read_csv(join(pwd, './data/mt19937-testset-1.csv'))
        cls.data2 = cls._read_csv(join(pwd, './data/mt19937-testset-2.csv'))
        cls.seed_error_type = ValueError
        cls.invalid_init_types = []
        cls.invalid_init_values = [(-1,)]

def test_seed_float_array(self):
        assert_raises(TypeError, self.bit_generator, np.array([np.pi]))
        assert_raises(TypeError, self.bit_generator, np.array([-np.pi]))
        assert_raises(TypeError, self.bit_generator, np.array([np.pi, -np.pi]))
        assert_raises(TypeError, self.bit_generator, np.array([0, np.pi]))
        assert_raises(TypeError, self.bit_generator, [np.pi])
        assert_raises(TypeError, self.bit_generator, [0, np.pi])

def test_state_tuple(self):
        rs = Generator(self.bit_generator(*self.data1['seed']))
        bit_generator = rs.bit_generator
        state = bit_generator.state
        desired = rs.integers(2 ** 16)
        tup = (state['bit_generator'], state['state']['key'],
               state['state']['pos'])
        bit_generator.state = tup
        actual = rs.integers(2 ** 16)
        assert_equal(actual, desired)
        tup = tup + (0, 0.0)
        bit_generator.state = tup
        actual = rs.integers(2 ** 16)
        assert_equal(actual, desired)

class TestSFC64(Base):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.bit_generator = SFC64
        cls.bits = 64
        cls.dtype = np.uint64
        cls.data1 = cls._read_csv(
            join(pwd, './data/sfc64-testset-1.csv'))
        cls.data2 = cls._read_csv(
            join(pwd, './data/sfc64-testset-2.csv'))
        cls.seed_error_type = (ValueError, TypeError)
        cls.invalid_init_types = [(3.2,), ([None],), (1, None)]
        cls.invalid_init_values = [(-1,)]

class TestDefaultRNG:
    def test_seed(self):
        for args in [(), (None,), (1234,), ([1234, 5678],)]:
            rg = default_rng(*args)
            assert isinstance(rg.bit_generator, PCG64)

def test_passthrough(self):
        bg = Philox()
        rg = default_rng(bg)
        assert rg.bit_generator is bg
        rg2 = default_rng(rg)
        assert rg2 is rg
        assert rg2.bit_generator is bg